uploaded? Updated: 2/19/2022 University of Maryland Gl

uploaded?

Updated: 2/19/2022

University of Maryland Global Campus

HMGT 400 Research and Data Analysis in Health- FINAL EXAM

Data File: HMGTFINALEXAM.csv (Request from Professor after you submit Group Assignment #3)

Software Tool: Analysis ToolPak, RegressItLogistic or XLMiner Analysis ToolPak

Question #1 (15 credits):

The FINAL EXAM data file provides data on hospitals in 2011 and 2012. Analyze the FINAL EXAM dataset. You may calculate the ?Hospital Beds per Population (Per Capita)? variable by dividing ?total_hospital_beds by tot_population. Use the analysis results to complete Table 1 (template) below. Net Hospital benefits = Hospital Revenues minus Hospital Costs.

Table 1. Comparing hospitals in 2011 with hospitals in 2012

	2011	2012	t Value (Pr<\|t\|)
	N	Mean	St. Dev	N	Mean	St. Dev
Hospital Characteristics
1. Hospital beds	1078	229.3831	206.7204	921	1301.885	32944.54	0.285168
2. Number of paid Employee	945	1146.951	1414.9	354	653.2254	875.9757	1.18516E-09
3. Number of non-paid Employee	80	48.1	68.10483	115	41.87826	43.81463	0.438670
4. Internes and Residents	279	79.65591	138.8227	44	4.340909	3.863624	0.000377
5. System Membership	1079	0.60797	0.552588	922	0.646421	0.680688	0.092113986

6. Total hospital cost	1078	203721472.4	303617442.7	919	183732389.6	265000930.8	0.122213
7. Total hospital revenues	1078	477069773.3	1034436756	919	471954365.8	1093163806	0.917651
8. Net Hospital benefits	1078			919

9. Available Medicare days	1068	16538.37734	19225.12023	919	16538	0	0.99643
10. Available Medicaid days	1052	5311.276616	9190.481016	919	5311	0	0.994757

11. Total Hospital Discharge	1074	9312.395717	10711.43761	919	9345	0	0.927247
12. Medicare discharge	1070	3206.281308	3380.252336	920	111902.162	3296796.503	0.280894
13. Medicaid discharge	1064	1253.279135	1900.277427	905	1171.319337	1762.961121	0.34953
Socio-Economic Variables
14. Hospital Beds per Population (Per Capita)	1078	0.002338	0.004095	919	0.002349	0.003575	0.9515
15. Percent of population in poverty	1078	25.96855288	9.66858643	919	25.79129489	9.528074007	0.6901
16. Percent of Female population in poverty	1078	15.87625232	5.562371262	919	15.7773667	5.444037856	0.6696
17. Percent of Male population in poverty	1078	10.09230056	4.321048879	919	10.01392818	4.316069396	0.6933
18. Median Household Income	1078	50137.41373	13656.34485	919	49714.11099	12863.14896	0.4460

Then please answer the following questions.

A) What are the significant differences for each of the hospital characteristics between 2011 and 2012?

The number of paid employees, on the other hand, was larger in 2011 than in 2012, indicating a considerable difference. Between the two years, there is a major difference between Internes and Residents.

B) What are the significant differences for each of the socio-economic variables between 2011 and 2012?

There are no significant differences for the socio economic variables between 2011 and 2012.

C) Based on your findings did hospitals (in general) have a better performance in 2011 or 2012? Explain.

2011 hospital performance looks better based upon findings. In 2011 there were more hospital beds, more paid employees, more interns and residents, more revenue, more Medicaid and Medicare discharges.

D) How does hospital performance relate to the hospital characteristics and how does it relate to the socio-economic characteristics?

Question #2 (15 credits):

In the data file, create a new variable called ?hospital net benefits?. Do this by subtracting ?hospital costs? from ?hospital revenues?.

Analyze the dataset and then complete Table 2 (template). In the last column report the T-test results comparing hospital characteristics between 2 groups of hospitals ?1. For-profit & Other ownership?, 2.?Non-profit & public? hospitals. Note in the data file:

If own = 0 then the hospital is non-profit owned

If own = 1 then the hospital is for-profit owned

If own = 2 then the hospital is public (government) owned

If own = 3 then the hospital is owned by some other organization

Table 2. Comparing ?For-profit & Other? hospital group to ?Non-profit & Public? hospital group in two years (2011, 2012)

	For Profit & Other	Non-Profit & Public	t Value (Pr<\|t\|)
	N	Mean	St. Dev	N	Mean	St. Dev
Hospital Characteristics
1. Hospital beds
2. Number of paid Employee
3. Number of non-paid Employee
4. Internes and Residents
5. System Membership

6. Total hospital cost
7. Total hospital revenues
8. Net Hospital Benefits

9. Available Medicare days
10. Available Medicaid days

11. Total Hospital Discharge
12. Medicare discharge
13. Medicaid discharge
Socio-Economic Variables
14. Per Capita Hospital Beds
15. % population in poverty
16. % Female population in poverty
17. % Male population in poverty
18. Median Household Income

Then answer the following questions:

1) What are the main significant differences between the ?For-profit & Other? hospital group and the ?Non-profit & Public? hospital groups? Which test is the best fit test? Why?

2) Use a column plot or graph to compare ?Net Hospital Benefits? between ?for-profit & other? and ?non-profit & public? hospitals.

3) Create a scatter plot with the correct variable and axes labels and legend. Use the plot to compare hospital cost (x-axes) and revenue (y-axes) and discuss your findings?

4) If we assume that hospital net-benefit is a good measure of hospital performance, which type of hospitals had the better performance between ?for-profit & other? and ?non-profit & public? hospitals?

5) Overall, what are the main statistically significant differences between ?for-profit & other? and ?non-profit & public? hospital groups?

Question #3 (15 credits):

Our data file provides the variable herf_ins called the Herfindahl?Hirschman Index which measures market concentration for the health insurance market. Please note that unlike the class exercise in which you used herf_cat, which measured market concentration for the hospital market, in this assignment you are using herf_ins which measures market concentration for the health insurance market.

Analyze the data to complete Table 3 (template) below:

Table 3. Comparing hospitals in High, Moderate, and Low Insurance Market Concentration in two years (2011, 2012)

	High Concentration Insurance Market	Moderate Conc. Insurance Market	Low Concentration Insurance Market	ANOVA
	Count	Mean	STDev	Count	Mean	STDev	Count	Mean	STDev	F Value (Pr<\|F\|)
Hospital Characteristics
1. Hospital beds
2. No. of paid Employees
3. No. of non-paid Employees
4. Internes and Residents
5. System Membership

6. Total hospital cost
7. Total hospital revenues
8. Net Hospital benefits

9. Available Medicare days
10. Available Medicaid days

11. Total Hospital Discharges
12. Medicare discharge-ratio
13. Medicaid discharge-ratio
Socio-Economic Variables
14. Per Capita Hospital Beds
15. Median Household Income

Then answer the following questions:

1) In a short paragraph describe and explain what the Herfindahl index is. You can use the reference provided in the class exercise or any other citation.

2) Compare the following information between hospitals located in high, moderate, and low concentration health insurance markets?

a) What are the main significant differences between hospitals in the different insurance markets? (use the ANOVA test)

b) What is the impact of being in a high-concentration health insurance market on hospital revenues and costs?

c) Does being in a high concentration market have a positive impact on net hospital benefits?

d) What about the number of Medicare and Medicaid discharges? Are hospitals in high concentration insurance markets more likely to accept Medicare and Medicaid patients?

e) What is the impact of other variables?

(Note: to answer the last question, please compute Medicare-discharge ratios and Medicaid-discharge ratios first and then run two t-Tests (high concentration vs. moderate concentration, and high vs. low concentration market). Please support your findings with an illustrative graph.

Question #4 (Credits 20)

Regression Models

Analyze the data by running a regression model with ?Net Hospital Benefits? as the dependent variable and present your results using the Table 4 template below.